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author | Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com> |
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date | Mon, 04 Jan 2010 12:32:07 +0100 |
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9352 | 1 Summary of important user-visible changes for version 3.3: |
2 --------------------------------------------------------- | |
3 | |
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4 ** BLAS and LAPACK libraries are now required to build Octave. The |
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5 subset of the reference BLAS and LAPACK libraries has been removed |
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6 from the Octave sources. |
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7 |
9352 | 8 ** The `lookup' function was extended to be more useful for general-purpose |
9 binary searching. Using this improvement, the ismember function was | |
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10 rewritten for significantly better performance. |
9352 | 11 |
12 ** Real, integer and logical matrices, when used in indexing, will now | |
13 cache the internal index_vector value (zero-based indices) when | |
14 successfully used as indices, eliminating the conversion penalty for | |
15 subsequent indexing by the same matrix. In particular, this means it is | |
16 no longer needed to avoid repeated indexing by logical arrays using | |
17 `find' for performance reasons. | |
18 | |
9888 | 19 ** Logical matrices are now treated more efficiently when used as indices. |
20 Octave will keep the index as a logical mask unless the ratio of true | |
21 elements is small enough, using a specialized code. Previously, all logical | |
22 matrices were always first converted to index vectors. This results in | |
23 savings in both memory and computing time. | |
24 | |
9480 | 25 ** sub2ind and ind2sub were reimplemented as compiled functions for better |
26 performance. These functions are now faster, can deliver more economized | |
27 results for ranges, and can reuse the index cache mechanism described in | |
28 previous paragraph. | |
29 | |
9449 | 30 ** The built-in function equivalents to associative operators (plus, times, |
31 mtimes, and, or) have been extended to accept multiple arguments. This | |
32 is especially useful for summing (multiplying, etc.) lists of objects | |
33 (of possibly distinct types): | |
9408 | 34 |
9449 | 35 matrix_sum = plus (matrix_list{:}); |
36 | |
9880 | 37 ** An FTP object type based on libcurl has been implemented. These objects |
38 allow ftp connections, downloads and uploads to be managed. An example of | |
39 its use might be | |
40 | |
41 fp = ftp ("ftp.octave.org); | |
42 cd (fp, "gnu/octave"); | |
43 mget (fp, "octave-3.2.3.tar.bz2"); | |
44 close (fp); | |
45 | |
9449 | 46 ** The default behavior of assert (observed, expected) has been relaxed |
47 to employ less strict checking that does not require the internals | |
48 of the values to match. This avoids previously valid tests from | |
49 breaking due to new internal classes introduced in future Octave | |
50 versions. | |
51 | |
52 For instance, all of these assertions were true in Octave 3.0.x | |
53 but false in 3.2.x due to new optimizations and improvements: | |
54 | |
55 assert (2*linspace (1, 5, 5), 2*(1:5)) | |
56 assert (zeros (0, 0), []) | |
57 assert (2*ones (1, 5), (2) (ones (1,5))) | |
9462 | 58 |
9873 | 59 ** The behavior of library functions ismatrix, issquare and issymmetric has |
60 been changed for better consistency. | |
61 | |
62 * ismatrix now returns true for all numeric and logical 2d or Nd matrices. | |
63 Previously, ismatrix returned false if the first or second dimension was | |
64 zero. Hence, `ismatrix ([])' was false, while `ismatrix (zeros (1,2,0))' | |
65 was true. | |
66 | |
67 * issquare now returns a logical scalar, and is equivalent to the expression | |
68 `ismatrix (x) && ndims (x) == 2 && rows (x) == columns (x)'. The dimension | |
69 is no longer returned. As a result, `issquare ([])' now yields true. | |
70 | |
71 * issymmetric now checks for symmetry instead of hermitianness. For the latter, | |
72 ishermitian was created. Also, logical scalar is returned rather than the | |
73 dimension, so `issymmetric ([])' is now true. | |
74 | |
75 | |
9462 | 76 ** Function handles are now aware of overloaded functions. If a function |
77 is overloaded, the handle determines at the time of its reference which | |
78 function to call. A non-overloaded version does not need to exist. | |
9408 | 79 |
9547 | 80 ** The operation-assignment operators +=, -=, *= and /= now behave more |
81 efficiently in certain cases. For instance, if m is a matrix and s | |
82 a scalar, then the statement | |
83 | |
84 m += s; | |
85 | |
86 will operate on m's data in-place if it is not shared by another variable, | |
87 usually increasing both time and memory efficiency. | |
88 | |
9558 | 89 Only selected common combinations are affected, namely: |
9547 | 90 |
91 matrix += matrix | |
92 matrix -= matrix | |
9558 | 93 matrix .*= matrix |
94 matrix ./= matrix | |
95 | |
9547 | 96 matrix += scalar |
97 matrix -= scalar | |
98 matrix *= scalar | |
99 matrix /= scalar | |
9558 | 100 |
9552 | 101 logical matrix |= logical matrix |
102 logical matrix &= logical matrix | |
9547 | 103 |
9888 | 104 where matrix and scalar belong to the same class. The left-hand side must be |
105 a simple variable reference. | |
106 | |
107 Moreover, when unary operators occur in expressions, Octave will also try to do | |
108 the operation in-place if it's argument is a temporary expresssion. | |
9589 | 109 |
110 ** The effect of comparison operators (<,>,<=,>=) when applied to complex numbers | |
111 has changed to be consistent with the strict ordering defined by max, min and sort. | |
112 More specifically, complex numbers are compared by lexicographical comparison of | |
113 the pairs [abs(z), arg(z)]. Previously, only real parts were compared; this can be | |
114 trivially achieved by wrapping the operands in real(). | |
9547 | 115 |
9826 | 116 ** The automatic simplification of complex computation results has changed. Octave will |
117 now simplify any complex number with a zero imaginary part or any complex matrix | |
118 with all elements having zero imaginary part to a real value. Previously, this was done | |
119 only for positive zeros. | |
120 Note that the behavior of the `complex' function is unchanged and it still | |
121 produces a complex value even if the imaginary part is zero. | |
122 | |
9595 | 123 ** As a side effect of code refactoring in liboctave, the binary logical operations |
124 are now more easily amenable to compiler optimizations and are thus significantly | |
125 faster. | |
126 | |
127 ** Octave now allows user-defined subsasgn methods to optimize out redundant copies. | |
128 For more information, see the manual. | |
129 | |
9664 | 130 ** More efficient matrix division handling. Octave is now able to handle the expressions |
131 | |
132 M' \ v | |
133 M.' \ v | |
134 v / M | |
135 | |
136 (M is a matrix and v is a vector) more efficiently in certain cases. | |
137 In particular, if M is triangular, all three expressions will be handled by a single call to | |
138 xTRTRS, with appropriate flags. Previously, all three expressions required a physical transpose | |
139 of M. | |
140 | |
141 ** More efficient handling of certain mixed real-complex matrix operations. | |
142 For instance, if RM is a real matrix and CM a complex matrix, | |
143 | |
144 RM * CM | |
145 | |
146 can now be evaluated either as | |
147 | |
148 complex (RM * real (CM), RM * imag (CM)) | |
149 | |
150 or as | |
151 | |
152 complex (RM) * CM, | |
153 | |
154 depending on the dimensions. The 1st form requires more temporaries and copying, | |
155 but halves the count of FLOPs, which normally brings better performance if | |
156 RM has enough rows. Previously, the 2nd form was always used. | |
157 | |
158 Matrix division is similarly affected. | |
159 | |
9717 | 160 ** More efficient handling of triangular matrix factors returned from factorizations. |
161 The functions for computing QR, LU and Cholesky factorizations will now automatically | |
162 return the triangular matrix factors with proper internal matrix_type set, so that it | |
163 won't need to be computed when the matrix is used for division. | |
164 | |
9722 | 165 ** The built-in "sum" function now handles the non-native summation (i.e. double precision |
166 sum of single or integer inputs) more efficiently, avoiding a temporary conversion of | |
167 the whole input array to doubles. Further, "sum" can now accept an "extra" option argument, | |
168 using a compensated summation algorithm rather than a straightforward sum, which significantly | |
169 improves precision if lots of cancellation occurs in the summation. | |
9717 | 170 |
9745 | 171 ** The built-in "bsxfun" function now uses optimized code for certain cases where built-in |
172 operator handles are passed in. Namely, the optimizations concern the operators | |
9830 | 173 plus, minus, times, ldivide, rdivide, power, and, or (for logical arrays), the relational |
9745 | 174 operators eq, ne, lt, le, gt, ge, and the functions min and max. |
9830 | 175 Optimizations only apply when both operands are of the same built-in class. Mixed real/complex |
176 and single/double operations will first convert both operands to a common type. | |
9745 | 177 |
10054 | 178 ** "strfind" and "strrep" now have compiled implementations, facilitating significantly |
179 more efficient searching and replacing in strings, especially with longer patterns. | |
180 The code of "strcat" has been vectorized and is now much more efficient | |
181 when lots of strings are concatenated. | |
182 | |
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183 Summary of important user-visible changes for version 3.2: |
5913 | 184 --------------------------------------------------------- |
2452 | 185 |
8737 | 186 ** Compatibility with Matlab graphics has been improved. |
6329 | 187 |
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188 The hggroup object and associated listener callback functions have |
8737 | 189 been added allowing the inclusion of group objects. Data sources |
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190 have been added to these group objects such that |
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191 |
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192 x = 0:0.1:10; |
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193 y = sin (x); |
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194 plot (x, y, "ydatasource", "y"); |
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195 for i = 1 : 100 |
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196 pause(0.1) |
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197 y = sin (x + 0.1 * i); |
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198 refreshdata(); |
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199 endfor |
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200 |
8737 | 201 works as expected. This capability has be used to introduce |
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202 stem-series, bar-series, etc., objects for better Matlab |
8737 | 203 compatibility. |
204 | |
205 ** New graphics functions: | |
206 | |
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207 addlistener ezcontour gcbo refresh |
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208 addproperty ezcontourf ginput refreshdata |
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209 allchild ezmesh gtext specular |
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210 available_backends ezmeshc intwarning surfl |
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211 backend ezplot ishghandle trisurf |
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212 cla ezplot3 isocolors waitforbuttonpress |
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213 clabel ezpolar isonormals |
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214 comet ezsurf isosurface |
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215 dellistener findall linkprop |
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216 diffuse gcbf plotmatrix |
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217 |
8737 | 218 ** New experimental OpenGL/FLTK based plotting system. |
219 | |
220 An experimental plotting system based on OpenGL and the FLTK | |
221 toolkit is now part of Octave. This backend is disabled by | |
222 default. You can switch to using it with the command | |
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223 |
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224 backend ("fltk") |
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225 |
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226 for all future figures or for a particular figure with the command |
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227 |
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228 backend (h, "fltk") |
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229 |
8737 | 230 where "h" is a valid figure handle. Please note that this backend |
231 does not yet support text objects. Obviously, this is a necessary | |
232 feature before it can be considered usable. We are looking for | |
233 volunteers to help implement this missing feature. | |
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234 |
8737 | 235 ** Functions providing direct access to gnuplot have been removed. |
236 | |
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237 The functions __gnuplot_plot__, __gnuplot_set__, __gnuplot_raw__, |
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238 __gnuplot_show__, __gnuplot_replot__, __gnuplot_splot__, |
8737 | 239 __gnuplot_save_data__ and __gnuplot_send_inline_data__ have been |
240 removed from Octave. These function were incompatible with the | |
241 high level graphics handle code. | |
6329 | 242 |
8885 | 243 ** The Control, Finance and Quaternion functions have been removed. |
244 | |
245 These functions are now available as separate packages from | |
246 | |
247 http://octave.sourceforge.net/packages.html | |
248 | |
249 and can be reinstalled using the Octave package manager (see | |
250 the pkg function). | |
251 | |
252 ** Specific sparse matrix functions removed. | |
253 | |
254 The following functions, which handled only sparse matrices have | |
255 been removed. Instead of calling these functions directly, you | |
256 should use the corresponding function without the "sp" prefix. | |
8737 | 257 |
8885 | 258 spatan2 spcumsum spkron spprod |
259 spchol spdet splchol spqr | |
260 spchol2inv spdiag splu spsum | |
261 spcholinv spfind spmax spsumsqk | |
262 spcumprod spinv spmin | |
263 | |
264 ** Improvements to the debugger. | |
265 | |
266 The interactive debugging features have been improved. Stopping | |
267 on statements with dbstop should work correctly now. Stepping | |
268 into and over functions, and stepping one statement at a time | |
269 (with dbstep) now works. Moving up and down the call stack with | |
270 dbup and dbdown now works. The dbstack function is now available | |
271 to print the current function call stack. The new dbquit function | |
272 is available to exit the debugging mode. | |
273 | |
274 ** Improved traceback error messages. | |
275 | |
276 Traceback error messages are much more concise and easier to | |
277 understand. They now display information about the function call | |
278 stack instead of the stack of all statements that were active at | |
279 the point of the error. | |
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280 |
8737 | 281 ** Object Oriented Programming. |
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282 |
8737 | 283 Octave now includes OOP features and the user can create their own |
284 class objects and overloaded functions and operators. For | |
285 example, all methods of a class called "myclass" will be found in | |
286 a directory "@myclass" on the users path. The class specific | |
287 versions of functions and operators take precedence over the | |
288 generic versions of these functions. | |
289 | |
290 New functions related to OOP include | |
7189 | 291 |
8737 | 292 class inferiorto isobject loadobj methods superiorto |
293 | |
294 See the Octave manual for more details. | |
7038 | 295 |
8747 | 296 ** Parsing of Command-style Functions. |
297 | |
298 Octave now parses command-style functions without needing to first | |
299 declare them with "mark_as_command". The rules for recognizing a | |
300 command-style function calls are | |
301 | |
302 * A command must appear as the first word in a statement, | |
303 followed by a space. | |
304 | |
305 * The first character after the space must not be '=' or '(' | |
306 | |
307 * The next token after the space must not look like a binary | |
308 operator. | |
309 | |
310 These rules should be mostly compatible with the way Matlab parses | |
311 command-style function calls and allow users to define commands in | |
312 .m files without having to mark them as commands. | |
313 | |
314 Note that previous versions of Octave allowed expressions like | |
315 | |
316 x = load -text foo.dat | |
317 | |
318 but an expression like this will now generate a parse error. In | |
319 order to assign the value returned by a function to a variable, | |
320 you must use the normal function call syntax: | |
321 | |
322 x = load ("-text", "foo.dat"); | |
323 | |
8737 | 324 ** Block comments. |
325 | |
8747 | 326 Commented code can be between matching "#{" and "#}" or "%{" and |
327 "%}" markers, even if the commented code spans several line. This | |
328 allows blocks code to be commented, without needing to comment | |
329 each line. For example, | |
5814 | 330 |
8747 | 331 function [s, t] = func (x, y) |
332 s = 2 * x; | |
333 #{ | |
334 s *= y; | |
335 t = y + x; | |
336 #} | |
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337 endfunction |
5814 | 338 |
8747 | 339 the lines "s *= y;" and "t = y + x" will not be executed. |
8737 | 340 |
341 ** Special treatment in the parser of expressions like "a' * b". | |
2452 | 342 |
8737 | 343 In these cases the transpose is no longer explicitly formed and |
344 BLAS libraries are called with the transpose flagged, | |
345 significantly improving performance for these kinds of | |
346 operations. | |
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347 |
8737 | 348 ** Single Precision data type. |
2452 | 349 |
8737 | 350 Octave now includes a single precision data type. Single |
351 precision variables can be created with the "single" command, or | |
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352 from functions like ones, eye, etc. For example, |
5995 | 353 |
8737 | 354 single (1) |
355 ones (2, 2, "single") | |
356 zeros (2, 2, "single") | |
357 eye (2, 2, "single") | |
358 Inf (2, 2, "single") | |
359 NaN (2, 2, "single") | |
360 NA (2, 2, "single") | |
7279 | 361 |
8737 | 362 all create single precision variables. For compatibility with |
363 Matlab, mixed double/single precision operators and functions | |
364 return single precision types. | |
365 | |
366 As a consequence of this addition to Octave the internal | |
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367 representation of the double precision NA value has changed, and |
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368 so users that make use of data generated by Octave with R or |
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369 visa-versa are warned that compatibility might not be assured. |
7279 | 370 |
8737 | 371 ** Improved array indexing. |
372 | |
373 The underlying code used for indexing of arrays has been | |
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374 completely rewritten and indexing is now significantly faster. |
8737 | 375 |
8755 | 376 ** Improved memory management. |
377 | |
378 Octave will now attempt to share data in some cases where previously | |
379 a copy would be made, such as certain array slicing operations or | |
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380 conversions between cells, structs and cs-lists. This usually reduces |
8755 | 381 both time and memory consumption. |
9128 | 382 Also, Octave will now attempt to detect and optimize usage of a vector |
383 as a stack, when elements are being repeatedly inserted at/removed from | |
384 the end of the vector. | |
8755 | 385 |
8738 | 386 ** Improved performance for reduction operations. |
387 | |
8755 | 388 The performance of the sum, prod, sumsq, cumsum, cumprod, any, all, |
389 max and min functions has been significantly improved. | |
8738 | 390 |
9006 | 391 ** Sorting and searching. |
392 | |
393 The performance of sort has been improved, especially when sorting | |
394 indices are requested. An efficient built-in issorted implementation | |
395 was added. sortrows now uses a more efficient algorithm, especially | |
396 in the homegeneous case. lookup is now a built-in function performing | |
397 a binary search, optimized for long runs of close elements. Lookup | |
398 also works with cell arrays of strings. | |
399 | |
400 ** Range arithmetics | |
401 | |
402 For some operations on ranges, Octave will attempt to keep the result as a | |
403 range. These include negation, adding a scalar, subtracting a scalar, and | |
404 multiplying by a scalar. Ranges with zero increment are allowed and can be | |
405 constructed using the built-in function `ones'. | |
406 | |
407 ** Various performance improvements. | |
408 | |
409 Performance of a number of other built-in operations and functions was | |
410 improved, including: | |
411 | |
412 * logical operations | |
413 * comparison operators | |
414 * element-wise power | |
415 * accumarray | |
416 * cellfun | |
417 * isnan | |
418 * isinf | |
419 * isfinite | |
420 * nchoosek | |
421 * repmat | |
422 * strcmp | |
423 | |
8737 | 424 ** 64-bit integer arithmetic. |
425 | |
426 Arithmetic with 64-bit integers (int64 and uint64 types) is fully | |
427 supported, with saturation semantics like the other integer types. | |
428 Performance of most integer arithmetic operations has been | |
429 improved by using integer arithmetic directly. Previously, Octave | |
430 performed integer math with saturation semantics by converting the | |
431 operands to double precision, performing the operation, and then | |
432 converting the result back to an integer value, truncating if | |
433 necessary. | |
434 | |
8885 | 435 ** Diagonal and permutation matrices. |
436 | |
437 The interpreter can now treat diagonal and permutation matrices as | |
438 special objects that store only the non-zero elements, rather than | |
439 general full matrices. Therefore, it is now possible to construct | |
440 and use these matrices in linear algebra without suffering a | |
441 performance penalty due to storing large numbers of zero elements. | |
442 | |
443 ** Improvements to fsolve. | |
444 | |
445 The fsolve function now accepts an option structure argument (see | |
446 also the optimset function). The INFO values returned from fsolve | |
447 have changed to be compatible with Matlab's fsolve function. | |
448 Additionally, fsolve is now able to solve overdetermined systems, | |
449 complex-differentiable complex systems, systems with a sparse | |
450 jacobian and can work in single precision if given single precision | |
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451 inputs. It can also be called recursively. |
8885 | 452 |
8737 | 453 ** Improvements to the norm function. |
454 | |
455 The norm function is now able to compute row or column norms of a | |
456 matrix in a single call, as well as general matrix p-norms. | |
457 | |
458 ** New functions for computing some eigenvalues or singular values. | |
459 | |
460 The eigs and svds functions have been included in Octave. These | |
461 functions require the ARPACK library (now distributed under a | |
462 GPL-compatible license). | |
463 | |
464 ** New QR and Cholesky factorization updating functions. | |
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465 |
8737 | 466 choldelete cholshift qrdelete qrshift |
467 cholinsert cholupdate qrinsert qrupdate | |
468 | |
469 ** New quadrature functions. | |
470 | |
471 dblquad quadgk quadv triplequad | |
472 | |
8885 | 473 ** New functions for reading and writing images. |
474 | |
475 The imwrite and imread functions have been included in Octave. | |
476 These functions require the GraphicsMagick library. The new | |
477 function imfinfo provides information about an image file (size, | |
478 type, colors, etc.) | |
479 | |
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480 ** The input_event_hook function has been replaced by the pair of |
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481 functions add_input_event_hook and remove_input_event_hook so that |
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482 more than one hook function may be installed at a time. |
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483 |
8737 | 484 ** Other miscellaneous new functions. |
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485 |
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486 addtodate hypot reallog |
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487 bicgstab idivide realpow |
9006 | 488 cellslices info realsqrt |
489 cgs interp1q rectint | |
490 command_line_path isdebugmode regexptranslate | |
491 contrast isfloat restoredefaultpath | |
492 convn isstrprop roundb | |
493 cummin log1p rundemos | |
494 cummax lsqnonneg runlength | |
495 datetick matlabroot saveobj | |
496 display namelengthmax spaugment | |
497 expm1 nargoutchk strchr | |
498 filemarker pathdef strvcat | |
499 fstat perl subspace | |
500 full prctile symvar | |
501 fzero quantile treelayout | |
502 genvarname re_read_readline_init_file validatestring | |
503 histc | |
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504 |
8885 | 505 ** Changes to strcat. |
506 | |
507 The strcat function is now compatible with Matlab's strcat | |
508 function, which removes trailing whitespace when concatenating | |
509 character strings. For example | |
510 | |
511 strcat ('foo ', 'bar') | |
512 ==> 'foobar' | |
513 | |
514 The new function cstrcat provides the previous behavior of | |
515 Octave's strcat. | |
516 | |
517 ** Improvements to the help functions. | |
518 | |
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519 The help system has been mostly re-implemented in .m files to make |
8885 | 520 it easier to modify. Performance of the lookfor function has been |
521 greatly improved by caching the help text from all functions that | |
522 are distributed with Octave. The pkg function has been modified | |
523 to generate cache files for external packages when they are | |
524 installed. | |
525 | |
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526 ** Deprecated functions. |
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527 |
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528 The following functions were deprecated in Octave 3.0 and will be |
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529 removed in Octave 3.4 (or whatever version is the second major |
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530 release after 3.0): |
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531 |
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532 beta_cdf geometric_pdf pascal_pdf |
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533 beta_inv geometric_rnd pascal_rnd |
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534 beta_pdf hypergeometric_cdf poisson_cdf |
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535 beta_rnd hypergeometric_inv poisson_inv |
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536 binomial_cdf hypergeometric_pdf poisson_pdf |
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537 binomial_inv hypergeometric_rnd poisson_rnd |
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538 binomial_pdf intersection polyinteg |
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539 binomial_rnd is_bool setstr |
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540 chisquare_cdf is_complex struct_contains |
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541 chisquare_inv is_list struct_elements |
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542 chisquare_pdf is_matrix t_cdf |
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543 chisquare_rnd is_scalar t_inv |
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544 clearplot is_square t_pdf |
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545 clg is_stream t_rnd |
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546 com2str is_struct uniform_cdf |
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547 exponential_cdf is_symmetric uniform_inv |
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548 exponential_inv is_vector uniform_pdf |
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549 exponential_pdf isstr uniform_rnd |
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550 exponential_rnd lognormal_cdf weibcdf |
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551 f_cdf lognormal_inv weibinv |
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552 f_inv lognormal_pdf weibpdf |
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553 f_pdf lognormal_rnd weibrnd |
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554 f_rnd meshdom weibull_cdf |
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555 gamma_cdf normal_cdf weibull_inv |
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556 gamma_inv normal_inv weibull_pdf |
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557 gamma_pdf normal_pdf weibull_rnd |
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558 gamma_rnd normal_rnd wiener_rnd |
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559 geometric_cdf pascal_cdf |
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560 geometric_inv pascal_inv |
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561 |
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562 The following functions are now deprecated in Octave 3.2 and will |
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563 be removed in Octave 3.6 (or whatever version is the second major |
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564 release after 3.2): |
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565 |
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566 create_set spcholinv spmax |
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567 dmult spcumprod spmin |
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568 iscommand spcumsum spprod |
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569 israwcommand spdet spqr |
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570 lchol spdiag spsum |
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571 loadimage spfind spsumsq |
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572 mark_as_command spinv str2mat |
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573 mark_as_rawcommand spkron unmark_command |
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574 spatan2 splchol unmark_rawcommand |
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575 spchol split |
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576 spchol2inv splu |
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577 |
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578 See NEWS.3 for old news. |