@c Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton
@c This is part of the Octave manual.
@c For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi.

@node System Utilities
@chapter System Utilities

This chapter describes the functions that are available to allow you to
get information about what is happening outside of Octave, while it is
still running, and use this information in your program.  For example,
you can get information about environment variables, the current time,
and even start other programs from the Octave prompt.

@menu
* Timing Utilities::            
* Filesystem Utilities::        
* Controlling Subprocesses::    
* Process ID Information::      
* Environment Variables::       
* Current Working Directory::   
* Password Database Functions::  
* Group Database Functions::    
* System Information::          
@end menu

@node Timing Utilities
@section Timing Utilities

Octave's core set of functions for manipulating time values are
patterned after the corresponding functions from the standard C library.
Several of these functions use a data structure for time that includes
the following elements:

@table @code
@item usec
Microseconds after the second (0-999999).

@item sec
Seconds after the minute (0-61).  This number can be 61 to account
for leap seconds.

@item min
Minutes after the hour (0-59).

@item hour
Hours since midnight (0-23).

@item mday
Day of the month (1-31).

@item mon
Months since January (0-11).

@item year
Years since 1900.

@item wday
Days since Sunday (0-6).

@item yday
Days since January 1 (0-365).

@item isdst
Daylight Savings Time flag.

@item zone
Time zone.
@end table

@noindent
In the descriptions of the following functions, this structure is
referred to as a @var{tm_struct}.

@DOCSTRING(time)

@DOCSTRING(ctime)

@DOCSTRING(gmtime)

@DOCSTRING(localtime)

@DOCSTRING(mktime)

@DOCSTRING(asctime)

@DOCSTRING(strftime)

@DOCSTRING(strptime)

Most of the remaining functions described in this section are not
patterned after the standard C library.  Some are available for
compatiblity with @sc{Matlab} and others are provided because they are
useful.

@DOCSTRING(clock)

@DOCSTRING(date)

@DOCSTRING(etime)

@DOCSTRING(cputime)

@DOCSTRING(is_leap_year)

@DOCSTRING(tic)

@DOCSTRING(pause)

@DOCSTRING(sleep)

@DOCSTRING(usleep)

@node Filesystem Utilities
@section Filesystem Utilities

Octave includes the following functions for renaming and deleting files,
creating, deleting, and reading directories, and for getting information
about the status of files.

@DOCSTRING(rename)

@DOCSTRING(link)

@DOCSTRING(symlink)

@DOCSTRING(readlink)

@DOCSTRING(unlink)

@DOCSTRING(readdir)

@DOCSTRING(mkdir)

@DOCSTRING(rmdir)

@DOCSTRING(mkfifo)

@DOCSTRING(umask)

@DOCSTRING(stat)

@DOCSTRING(glob)

@DOCSTRING(fnmatch)

@DOCSTRING(file_in_path)

@DOCSTRING(tilde_expand)

@node Controlling Subprocesses
@section Controlling Subprocesses

Octave includes some high-level commands like @code{system} and
@code{popen} for starting subprocesses.  If you want to run another
program to perform some task and then look at its output, you will
probably want to use these functions.

Octave also provides several very low-level Unix-like functions which
can also be used for starting subprocesses, but you should probably only
use them if you can't find any way to do what you need with the
higher-level functions.

@DOCSTRING(system)

@DOCSTRING(popen)

@DOCSTRING(pclose)

@DOCSTRING(popen2)

@DOCSTRING(EXEC_PATH)

In most cases, the following functions simply decode their arguments and
make the corresponding Unix system calls.  For a complete example of how
they can be used, look at the definition of the function @code{popen2}.

@DOCSTRING(fork)

@DOCSTRING(exec)

@DOCSTRING(pipe)

@DOCSTRING(dup2)

@DOCSTRING(waitpid)

@DOCSTRING(fcntl)

@node Process ID Information
@section Process, Group, and User IDs

@DOCSTRING(getpgrp)

@DOCSTRING(getpid)

@DOCSTRING(getppid)

@DOCSTRING(geteuid)

@DOCSTRING(getuid)

@DOCSTRING(getegid)

@DOCSTRING(getgid)

@node Environment Variables
@section Environment Variables

@DOCSTRING(getenv)

@DOCSTRING(putenv)

@node Current Working Directory
@section Current Working Directory

@DOCSTRING(cd)

@DOCSTRING(ls)

@DOCSTRING(pwd)

@node Password Database Functions
@section Password Database Functions

Octave's password database functions return information in a structure
with the following fields.

@table @code
@item name
The user name.

@item passwd
The encrypted password, if available.

@item uid
The numeric user id.

@item gid
The numeric group id.

@item gecos
The GECOS field.

@item dir
The home directory.

@item shell
The initial shell.
@end table

In the descriptions of the following functions, this data structure is
referred to as a @var{pw_struct}.

@DOCSTRING(getpwent)

@DOCSTRING(getpwuid)

@DOCSTRING(getpwnam)

@DOCSTRING(setpwent)

@DOCSTRING(endpwent)

@node Group Database Functions
@section Group Database Functions

Octave's group database functions return information in a structure
with the following fields.

@table @code
@item name
The user name.

@item passwd
The encrypted password, if available.

@item gid
The numeric group id.

@item mem
The members of the group.
@end table

In the descriptions of the following functions, this data structure is
referred to as a @var{grp_struct}.

@DOCSTRING(getgrent)

@DOCSTRING(getgrgid)
         
@DOCSTRING(getgrnam)

@DOCSTRING(setgrent)

@DOCSTRING(endgrent)

@node System Information
@section System Information

@DOCSTRING(computer)

@DOCSTRING(isieee)

@DOCSTRING(OCTAVE_VERSION)

@DOCSTRING(octave_config_info)

@DOCSTRING(getrusage)
