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+## Copyright (C) 2014 Carnë Draug <carandraug@octave.org>
+##
+## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+## modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+## published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the
+## License, or (at your option) any later version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+## General Public License for more details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program; if not, see
+## <http:##www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+## -*- texinfo -*-
+## @deftypefn  {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@var{bw}, @var{attrib})
+## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@var{bw}, @var{I}, @var{attrib})
+## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@dots{}, @var{range})
+## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@dots{}, @var{n})
+## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@dots{}, @var{n}, @var{keep})
+## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} bwpropfilt (@dots{}, @dots{}, @var{conn})
+## Filter objects from image based on their properties.
+##
+## Returns a logical matrix with the objects of @var{bw} filtered based
+## on the specific property @var{attrib}.  The possible values for @var{attrib}
+## are all the properties from @command{regionprops} that return a scalar
+## value, e.g., Area, Extent, and MaxIntensity, but not PixelValues, basic, and
+## BoundingBox.  For certain attributes, such as MaxIntensity and
+## WeightedCentroid, the grayscale image @var{I} must also be specified.
+##
+## To filter objects with a value on a specific interval, @var{range} must be
+## a two-element vector with the interval @code{[@var{low} @var{high}]}
+## (values are inclusive).
+##
+## Alternatively, a scalar @var{n} will select the objects with the N highest
+## values.  The @var{keep} option defaults to @qcode{"largest"} but can also
+## be set to @qcode{"smallest"} to select the N objects with lower values.
+##
+## The last optional argument, @var{conn}, can be a connectivity matrix, or
+## the number of elements connected to the center (see @command{conndef}).
+##
+## @seealso{bwareaopen, bwareafilt, bwlabel, bwlabeln, bwconncomp, regionprops}
+## @end deftypefn
+
+function bwfiltered = bwpropfilt (bw, varargin)
+  if (nargin < 3 || nargin > 6)
+    print_usage ();
+  endif
+
+  if (ischar (varargin{1}))
+    no_gray  = true;
+    attrib   = varargin{1};
+    next_idx = 2;
+  else
+    no_gray  = false;
+    img      = varargin{1};
+    attrib   = varargin{2};
+    next_idx = 3;
+  endif
+
+  valid_nargin = @(x) numel (varargin) >= x;
+
+  if (isscalar (varargin{next_idx}))
+    ## Get the N largest or smallest
+    in_range = false;
+    n_keep = varargin{next_idx};
+    next_idx++;
+
+    if (valid_nargin (next_idx) && ischar (varargin{next_idx}))
+      keep = tolower (varargin{next_idx});
+      if (! any (strcmpi (keep, {"largest", "smallest"})))
+        error ("bwpropfilt: KEEP must be `largest' or `smallest'");
+      endif
+      next_idx++;
+    else
+      keep = "largest";
+    endif
+
+  elseif (numel (varargin{next_idx}) == 2)
+    in_range = true;
+    range = varargin{next_idx};
+    next_idx++;
+  else
+    error ("bwpropfilt: N and RANGE must have 1 or 2 elements respectively");
+  endif
+
+  if (valid_nargin (next_idx))
+    conn = varargin{next_idx};
+    try
+      iptcheckconn (conn, "bwpropfilt", "CONN");
+    catch
+      conn = conndef (conn);
+    end_try_catch
+
+    next_idx++;
+    if (valid_nargin (next_idx))
+      print_usage ();
+    endif
+  else
+    ## Non-documented default
+    conn = conndef (ndims (bw), "maximal");
+  endif
+
+  ## FIXME: we need to call bwconncomp with our specific connectivity and
+  ##        then pass its struct to regionprops. That may be faster but is
+  ##        not yet implemented so we call labelmatrix
+  labeled = labelmatrix (bwconncomp (bw, conn));
+  if (no_gray)
+    stats = regionprops (labeled, {"PixelIdxList", attrib});
+  else
+    stats = regionprops (labeled, img, {"PixelIdxList", attrib});
+  endif
+
+  n_objs  = numel (stats);
+  idxs    = {stats.PixelIdxList};
+  attribs = [stats.(attrib)];
+
+  if (in_range)
+    filtered_idxs = idxs(attribs >= range(1) & attribs <= range(2));
+  else
+    [~, sorted_idxs] = sort (attribs, "descend");
+    switch (keep)
+      case "largest",
+        filtered_idxs = idxs(sorted_idxs(1:min (n_keep, n_objs)));
+      case "smallest",
+        filtered_idxs = idxs(sorted_idxs(max (1, n_objs - n_keep +1):end));
+    endswitch
+  endif
+
+  bwfiltered = false (size (bw));
+  bwfiltered(cat (1, filtered_idxs{:})(:)) = true;
+
+endfunction
+